The relationship between humans and animals is ancient, complex, and fraught with moral tension. For most of history, animals were viewed as resources—tools for labor, food, clothing, and scientific inquiry. However, over the last two centuries, two distinct but overlapping frameworks have emerged to challenge this view: and Animal Rights . While often used interchangeably in casual conversation, they represent fundamentally different philosophical positions, goals, and strategies for improving the lives of non-human animals.
