: The 19th and 20th centuries saw a surge in "technocratic" utopias where science solves all human suffering (e.g., the works of H.G. Wells). Socialism and Marxism
The transition from utopian hope to anti-utopian caution defined the 20th and 21st centuries. (PDF) The Ends of Utopia - Academia.edu utopia and anti-utopia in modern times pdf
Before downloading a , one must distinguish the two genres as they function today. : The 19th and 20th centuries saw a
: Kumar explores whether socialism leads to freedom or tyranny and if science acts as a liberator or an enslaver. utopia and anti-utopia in modern times pdf