Maududi defines the Caliphate as a "Popular Vicegerency" where authority belongs to God, but is exercised by the people through Shura (consultation). The Shift to Malookiat:
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Maududi argues that the shift from Caliphate to Kingship began with (founder of the Umayyad dynasty). While Mu’awiyah was a competent ruler and a Companion of the Prophet, Maududi contends that his transformation of the Caliphate into a hereditary monarchy was a fundamental break from the Rashidun model. Key criticisms include: