A different type of "escape" narrative appears in memoirs like Princess of the Harem (by Melek Hanım, 1872) or The Harem Within (Fatima Mernissi, 1994). Here, escape is often psychological or intellectual, not physical. Melek Hanım left her husband’s palace not to find "Western freedom" but to become a writer in Europe. Her bekstvo is a negotiation of identity, not a simple flight from oppression.